FOOD INGREDIENT NUMBERS:
(E-numbers)
Additives which are ALWAYS of animal origin, such as (HARAAM):
- E120 Cochineal : a red colour obtained from female insects
- E441 Gelatine : derived from the bones and/ or hides of cattle and/ or pigs
- E542 Edible Bone Phosphate : an extract from animal bones
- E904 Shellac : a resin from the lac insectWhilst some additives with a common code such as E47, can be either of animal or plant origin and this latter type needs to be investigated on a case-by-case basis per product/ manufacturer.
The main additives you need to be aware of are:
- Glycerol / Glycerin / Glycerine (E422) – haraam if obtained from pork or non-halal meat sources.
- Emulsifiers (E470 to E483) – haraam if obtained from pork or non-halal sources.
Edible Bone Phosphate (E542) – haraam if obtained from pork or non-halal meat sources.
food additives
| Emulsifier | Name | Description | Halal Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| E100 | Curcumin/Turmeric | Color | Halal if pure grind turmeric powder or granular. Mushbooh if used as liquid, the solvents has to be Halal. Haraam if hidden ingredient is pork fat based emulsifier in dry mix. |
| 107 | Yellow 2G | Colors | Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal |
| 128 | Red 2G | Colors | Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal |
| 133 | Brilliant Blue FCF | Colors | Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal |
| 154 | Brown FK | Colors | Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal |
| 155 | Brown HT | Colors | Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal |
| 234 | Nisin | Preservative - other | Halal |
| 262 | Sodium Acetate | Miscellaneous - Acids and their Salts | Halal |
| 296 | Malic Acid | Miscellaneous - Acids and their Salts | Halal |
| 297 | Fumaric Acid | Miscellaneous - Acids and their Salts | Halal |
| 350 | Sodium Malate | Miscellaneous - Salts of Malic Acid | Halal |
| 351 | Potassium Malate | Miscellaneous - Salts of Malic Acid | Halal |
| 352 | Calcium Malate | Miscellaneous - Salts of Malic Acid | Halal |
| 353 | Metataric Acid | Miscellaneous - Salts of Malic Acid | Halal |
| 355 | Adipic Acid | Miscellaneous - Salts of Malic Acid | Halal |
| 363 | Succinic Acid | Miscellaneous - Salts of Malic Acid | Halal |
| 370 | 1,4-Heptonolactane | Miscellaneous - Salts of Malic Acid | Halal |
| 375 | Nicotinic Acid | Miscellaneous - Salts of Malic Acid | Halal |
| 380 | Triammonium Citrate | Miscellaneous - Salts of Malic Acid | Halal |
| 381 | Ammonium Ferric Citrate | Miscellaneous - Salts of Malic Acid | Halal |
| 385 | Calcium Disodium EDTA | Miscellaneous - Salts of Malic Acid | Halal |
| 416 | Karaya Gum | Emulsifiers and Stabilizers | Halal |
| 430 | Polyoxyethane (8) Stearate | Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - Fatty Acid derivatives | Halal if it is 100% from plant fat, Haraam if it is from pork fat |
| 431 | Polyoxyethane (40) Stearate | Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - Fatty Acid derivatives | Halal if it is 100% from plant fat, Haraam if it is from pork fat |
| 432 | Polyoxyethane (20) Sorbitan / Polysorbate 20 | Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - Fatty Acid derivatives | Halal if it is 100% from plant fat, Haraam if it is from pork fat |
| 433 | Polyoxyethane (20) Sorbitan Mono-oleate / Polysorbate 80 | Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - Fatty Acid derivatives | Halal if it is 100% from plant fat, Haraam if it is from pork fat |
| 434 | Polyoxyethane (20) Sorbitan Monopalmitate / Polysorbate 40 | Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - Fatty Acid derivatives | Halal if it is 100% from plant fat, Haraam if it is from pork fat |
| 435 | Polyoxyethane (20) Sorbitan Monostearate / Polysorbate 60 | Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - Fatty Acid derivatives | Halal if it is 100% from plant fat, Haraam if it is from pork fat |
| 436 | Polyoxyethane (20) Sorbitan Tristearate / Polysorbate 65 | Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - Fatty Acid derivatives | Halal if it is 100% from plant fat, Haraam if it is from pork fat |
| 476 | Polyglycerol Esters of Polycondensed Esters of Caster Oil | Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - salts or Esters of Fatty Acids | Halal if it is 100% from plant fat, Haraam if it is from pork fat |
| 478 | Lactylated Fatty Acid Esters of Glycerol and Propane-1,2-Diol | Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - salts or Esters of Fatty Acids | Halal if it is 100% from plant fat, Haraam if it is from pork fat |
| 491 | Sorbitan Monostearate | Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - salts or Esters of Fatty Acids | Halal if it is 100% from plant fat, Haraam if it is from pork fat |
| 492 | Sorbitan Tristearate | Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - salts or Esters of Fatty Acids | Halal if it is 100% from plant fat, Haraam if it is from pork fat |
| 493 | Sorbitan Monolaurate | Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - salts or Esters of Fatty Acids | Halal if it is 100% from plant fat, Haraam if it is from pork fat |
| 494 | Sorbitan Mono-oleate | Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - salts or Esters of Fatty Acids | Halal if it is 100% from plant fat, Haraam if it is from pork fat |
| 495 | Sorbitan Monopalmitate | Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - salts or Esters of Fatty Acids | Halal if it is 100% from plant fat, Haraam if it is from pork fat |
| 500 | Sodium Carbonate / Sodium Bicarbonate | Miscellaneous - Acids and Salts: Carbonates | Halal |
| 501 | Potassium Carbonate / Potassium Bicarbonate | Miscellaneous - Acids and Salts: Carbonates | Halal |
| 503 | Ammonium Carbonate | Miscellaneous - Acids and Salts: Carbonates | Halal |
| 504 | Magnesium Carbonate | Miscellaneous - Acids and Salts: Carbonates | Halal |
| 507 | Hydrochloric Acid | Miscellaneous - Acids and Salts: Hydrochloric Acid and its Salts | Halal |
| 508 | Potassium Chloride | Miscellaneous - Acids and Salts: Hydrochloric Acid and its Salts | Halal |
| 509 | Calcium Chloride | Miscellaneous - Acids and Salts: Hydrochloric Acid and its Salts | Halal |
| 510 | Ammonium Chloride | Miscellaneous - Acids and Salts: Hydrochloric Acid and its Salts | Halal |
| 513 | Sulphuric Acid | Miscellaneous - Acids and Salts: Sulphuric Acid and its Salts | Halal |
| 514 | Sodium Sulphate | Miscellaneous - Acids and Salts: Sulphuric Acid and its Salts | Halal |
| 515 | Potassium Sulphate | Miscellaneous - Acids and Salts: Sulphuric Acid and its Salts | Halal |
| 516 | Calcium Sulphate | Miscellaneous - Acids and Salts: Sulphuric Acid and its Salts | Halal |
| 518 | Magnesium Sulphate | Miscellaneous - Acids and Salts: Sulphuric Acid and its Salts | Halal |
| 524 | Sodium Hydroxide | Miscellaneous - Alkalis | Halal |
| 525 | Potassium Hydroxide | Miscellaneous - Alkalis | Halal |
| 526 | Calcium Hydroxide | Miscellaneous - Alkalis | Halal |
| 527 | Ammonium Hydroxide | Miscellaneous - Alkalis | Halal |
| 528 | Magnesium Hydroxide | Miscellaneous - Alkalis | Halal |
| 529 | Calcium Oxide | Miscellaneous - Alkalis | Halal |
| 530 | Magnesium Oxide | Miscellaneous - Alkalis | Halal |
| 535 | Sodium Ferrocyanide | Miscellaneous - other Salts | Halal |
| 536 | Potassium Ferrocyanide | Miscellaneous - other Salts | Halal |
| 540 | Dicalcium Ferrocyanide | Miscellaneous - other Salts | Halal |
| 541 | Sodium Aluminium Phosphate | Miscellaneous - other Salts | Halal |
| 542 | Edible Bone Phosphate (Bone-Meal) | Miscellaneous - Anti-Caking Agents | Haraam if the bones from pig |
| 544 | Calcium Polyphosphates | Miscellaneous - Anti-Caking Agents | Mushbooh, Halal if it is from minerals, Haraam if it is from pig bones |
| 545 | Ammonium Polyphosphates | Miscellaneous - Anti-Caking Agents | Halal |
| 551 | Silicon Dioxide (Silica Salt) | Miscellaneous - Silicon Salts | Halal |
| 552 | Calcium Silicate | Miscellaneous - Silicon Salts | Halal |
| 553 | Magnesium Silicate / Magnesium Trisilicate (Talc) | Miscellaneous - Silicon Salts | Halal |
| 554 | Aluminium Sodium Silicate | Miscellaneous - Silicon Salts | Halal |
| 556 | Aluminium Calcium Silicate | Miscellaneous - Silicon Salts | Mushbooh, Halal if calcium from mineral rocks, Haraam if calcium from pig bones |
| 558 | Bentonite | Miscellaneous - other compounds | Halal |
| 559 | Kaolin (Aluminium Silicate) | Miscellaneous - other compounds | Halal |
| 570 | Stearic Acid | Miscellaneous - other compounds | Mushbooh, Halal if the source is from plant fat, Haraam if it is from pork fat |
| 572 | Magnesium Stearate | Miscellaneous - other compounds | Mushbooh, Halal if the source is from plant fat, Haraam if it is from pork fat |
| 575 | Glucono Delta-Lactone | Miscellaneous - other compounds | Halal |
| 576 | Sodium Gluconate | Miscellaneous - other compounds | Halal |
| 577 | Potassium Gluconate | Miscellaneous - other compounds | Halal |
| 578 | Calcium Gluconate | Miscellaneous - other compounds | Halal |
| 620 | L-Glutamic Acid | Miscellaneous - Flavour Enhancers | Mushbooh, Halal if it is from plant protein, Haraam if it is from pig protein |
| 621 | Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) | Miscellaneous - Flavour Enhancers | Mushbooh, Halal if all ingredients including culture media to grow culture from Halal source, Haraam if media is from pork fat |
| 622 | Monopotassium Glutamate | Miscellaneous - Flavour Enhancers | Mushbooh, Halal if all ingredients including culture media to grow culture from Halal source, Haraam if media is from pork fat |
| 623 | Calcium Glutamate | Miscellaneous - Flavour Enhancers | Mushbooh, Halal if all ingredients including culture media to grow culture from Halal source, Haraam if media is from pork fat |
| 627 | Sodium Guanylate | Miscellaneous - Flavour Enhancers | Halal if it is obtained from sardines or baker's yeast extract. Mushbooh if it is made from brewer yeast extract, a by-product of beer making |
| 631 | Sodium Inosinate | Miscellaneous - Flavour Enhancers | Halal if it is obtained from sardines. Mushbooh if it is made from brewer yeast extract, a by-product of beer making. Haraam if it is extracted from pig meat. |
| 635 | Sodium5-Ribonucleotide | Miscellaneous - Flavour Enhancers | Mushbooh, it is a combination of E N 627 and EN 631 |
| 636 | Maltol | Miscellaneous - Flavour Enhancers | Halal |
| 637 | Ethyl Maltol | Miscellaneous - Flavour Enhancers | Halal |
| 900 | Dimethylpolysiloxane | Miscellaneous - Flavour Enhancers | Halal |
| 901 | Beeswax | Miscellaneous - Glazing Agents | Halal |
| 903 | Carnauba Wax | Miscellaneous - Glazing Agents | Halal |
| 904 | Shellac | Miscellaneous - Glazing Agents | Halal if no if it is not treated with alcohol, two types of shellac is available, the Halal type is not treated with alcohol but other type is treated with alcohol. A gummy secretion material from the pores of a insect Coccus lacca that feed on Palas trees in India and South Asia. This gummy material is called Lac. Manufactured by Indian companies. |
| 905 | Mineral Hydrocarbons | Miscellaneous - Glazing Agents | Halal |
| 907 | Refined Microcrystalline Wax | Miscellaneous - Glazing Agents | Mushbooh, Halal if obtained from plant fat wax. Haraam if it is obtained from pork fat wax |
| 920 | L-Cysteine Hydrochloride | Miscellaneous - Compounds used to treat Flour | Mushbooh, Haraam if it is obtained from human hair, Halal if it is made from Halal synthetic material. The third source is from chicken/duck feathers. There is difference of opinions among different Islamic scholars. One school of ulema says it is Halal the other says not Halal. |
| 924 | Potassium Bromate | Miscellaneous - Compounds used to treat Flour | Halal |
| 925 | Chlorine | Miscellaneous - Compounds used to treat Flour | Halal |
| 926 | Chlorine Dioxide | Miscellaneous - Compounds used to treat Flour | Halal |
| 927 | Azodicarbonamide | Miscellaneous - Compounds used to treat Flour | Halal |
| E101 | Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) | Color | Mushbooh (Haraam if from pork liver & Kidney, Halal if 100% plant material |
| E102 | Tartrazine | Color | Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal |
| E104 | Quinoline Yellow | Color | Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent other than water has to be Halal |
| E110 | Sunset Yellow FCF / Orange Yellow S | Color | Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal |
| E120 | Cochineal / Carminic Acid | Color | Haraam according to Hanafi Fiqqah |
| E122 | Carmoisine / Azorubine | Color | Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal |
| E123 | Amaranth | Color | Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal |
| E124 | Ponceau 4R / Cochineal Red A | Color | Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal |
| E127 | Erythrosine BS | Color | Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal |
| E131 | Patent Blue V | Color | Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal |
| E132 | Indigo Carmine / Idigotine | Color | Halal if use as is as a 100% synthetic color but if pork glycerin is added as a solvent then it is Haraam |
| E140 | Chlorophyll | Color | Halal if use 100% powder or Halal if water or vegetable oil was used as a solvent |
| E141 | Copper Complex of Chlorophyll | Color | Halal if use 100% powder or Halal if water or vegetable oil was used as a solvent |
| E142 | Green S / Acid Brilliant Green BS | Color | Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal |
| E150(a-d) | Caramel Color/with chemicals | Color | Halal |
| E151 | Black PN / Brilliant Black BN | Color | Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal |
| E153 | Carbon Black / Vegetable Carbon (Charcoal) | Color | Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal |
| E160a | Alpha, Beta, Gamma | Color - Carotene | Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal |
| E160b | Annatto, Bixin, Norbixin | Color - Carotene | Halal |
| E160c | Capsanthin / Capsorbin | Color- Carotene | Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal |
| E160d | Lycopene | Color - Carotene | Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal |
| E160e | Beta-apo-8-carotenal | Color - Carotene | Halal if used as 100% dry powder or granular or Halal if vegetable oil is used as a solvent in liquid form as a hidden ingredient. Haraam if pork gelatin is used as hidden ingredient or carrier |
| E160f | Ethyl ester of Beta-apo-8-cartonoic acid | Color - Carotene | Halal if used as 100% dry powder or granular or Halal if vegetable oil is used as a solvent in liquid form as a hidden ingredient. Haraam if pork gelatin is used as hidden ingredient or carrier |
| E161a | Flavoxanthin | Color | Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal |
| E161b | Lutein | Color | Halal if used as 100% dry powder or granular. Haraam if pork gelatin or pork glycerin is added in dry or liquid form |
| E161c | Cryptoxanthin | Color | Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal |
| E161d | Rubixanthin | Color | Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal |
| E161e | Violaxanthin | Color | Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal |
| E161f | Rhodoxanthin | Color | Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal |
| E161g | Canthaxanthin | Color | Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal |
| E162 | Beetroot Red / Betanin | Color | Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal |
| E163 | Anthocyanins | Color | Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal |
| E170 | Calcium Carbonate (Chalk) | Color - Inorganic | Halal if obtained from rock mineral and used as 100% dry powder or granular. Mushbooh if used as liquid, solvent has to be Halal |
| E171 | Titanium Dioxide | Color - Inorganic | Halal |
| E172 | Iron Oxides and Hydroxides | Color - Inorganic | Halal |
| E173 | Aluminium | Color - Inorganic | Halal |
| E174 | Silver | Color - Inorganic | Halal |
| E175 | Gold | Color - Inorganic | Halal |
| E180 | Pigment Rubine / Lithol Rubine BK | Color - Inorganic | Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal |
| E200 | Sorbic Acid | Preservative | Halal |
| E201 | Soduim Sorbate | Preservative | Halal |
| E202 | Potassium Sorbate | Preservative | Halal |
| E203 | Calcium Sorbate | Preservative | Halal |
| E210 | Benzoic Acid | Preservative | Halal |
| E211 | Sodium Benzoate | Preservative | Halal |
| E212 | Potassium Benzoate | Preservative | Halal |
| E213 | Calcium Benzoate | Preservative | Halal, if calcium obtained from mineral, Mushbooh if it is obtained from bones. |
| E214 | Ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate | Preservative | Halal, if used as 100% dry powder or granular. Haraam if alcohol is used as a solvent |
| E215 | Ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, Sodium Salt | Preservative | Halal, if used as 100% dry powder or granular. Haraam if alcohol is used as a solvent |
| E216 | Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate | Preservative | Halal, if used as 100% dry powder or granular. Haraam if alcohol is used as a solvent |
| E217 | Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, Sodium Salt | Preservative | Halal, if used as 100% dry powder or granular. Haraam if alcohol is used as a solvent |
| E218 | Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate | Preservative | Halal, if used as 100% dry powder or granular. Haraam if alcohol is used as a solvent |
| E219 | Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, Sodium Salt | Preservative | Halal, if used as 100% dry powder or granular. Haraam if alcohol is used as a solvent |
| E220 | Sulphur Dioxide | Preservative | Halal |
